Pharisaism and Mercy

Wrapping up the lessons we’re taking from the Pharisees, we want to look at Matthew 9:10-13, where Jesus says to the Pharisees, after they question his association with tax collectors and sinners, “Go and learn what this means, I desire mercy, and not sacrifice. For I came not to call the righteous, but sinners.” He is quoting from Hosea 6:6 on this occasion, accusing the Pharisees of sacrificing mercy for the sake of their legalistic attitudes. The lesson for us is evident – we must defend the faith, must preserve the old ways, but we must not forsake mercy.

Mercy is kind action motivated by compassion. In learning what God means that He desires mercy more than sacrifice, we must understand it is more than an emotion. It is more than a feeling. We can feel compassion for someone and do nothing about it, but we are merciful when that compassion drives us to do something about it.

The Importance of Mercy
If we would be like our God, we must be merciful, for mercy is a characteristic of our God. Exodus 34:6 records God describing Himself as one merciful and gracious, slow to anger and abundant in love. Psalm 145:8, Joel 2:12-13, Jonah 4:2 – these passages and more explain or demonstrate the mercy shown in our God’s dealings with man. If this is who He is, it is who we should be too.

Furthermore, mercy should be a part of our lives, for it is what we expect God to have for us. Luke 18:13 records a tax collector’s prayer: “God, be merciful to me, a sinner!” God’s mercy is requested some forty times in the psalms, and we entreat God’s mercy when we repent and lay our sins at His feet. Just as we expect mercy from Him, God expects mercy from us. Romans 12:8 calls on us to be gladly merciful. Luke 6:36 records Jesus saying we should “be merciful, even as your Father is merciful.”

Hosea 6:6, which Jesus quotes, and Micah 6:6-8, both are in the midst of half-hearted repentance. There is no heart in their appeal for mercy. They face judgment in asking for the mercy they refuse to show, but James 2:13 teaches that mercy triumphs over judgment. Micah 7:18 tells us God’s anger is only for a time and that He pardons iniquity and delights in love. If we have been merciful, we have no fear of an unmerciful judgment. Like we are taught to be forgiving to be forgiven, so we should be merciful to receive mercy.

Our Need to Show Mercy
We need to better show mercy to the lost. Consider the numerous exchanges between the Pharisees and Jesus. Those religious leaders viewed the lost as enemies, as undesirables, as arguments to win, as opportunities to prove our own rightness. When we are not moved by compassion, we show no mercy. Sometimes we act as if the gospel is only for the righteous, and we fail to show mercy to those who need it most.

We also need to be more merciful to new converts. We often expect too much of those new to God’s family. We grow exasperated and impatient for their failure to understand and accept convictions we already hold after years of service. Instead of giving them time to mature, we are unmerciful and unkind. These are the ones who need to be lifted up, to be supported, whose paths need to be cleared.

Finally, we sometimes fail to show mercy to our own Christian family. We listen to gossip about other Christians, and we accept these third and fourth-hand reports as fact. We condemn the very appearance of something without the benefit of the doubt. We do not listen to learn; rather, we listen to ambush. Doing so, we violate Galatians 5:14-15, destroying our strength and hindering God’s work.

Jesus quotes Hosea once more in Matthew 12:7 when the Pharisees criticize Jesus’ disciples for picking grain to eat on the Sabbath. Like them, because we do not understand mercy, we criticize what we do not understand in others. We condemn the innocent. Instead of fighting the devil, we fight one another. If we are to walk uprightly and rightly divide God’s word, we must be a people of mercy.

Hebrews 8:10-12 describes God’s mercy toward our iniquities, and Hebrews 12:16 encourages us that we can receive His mercy by approaching the throne of grace. In doing so, we must also put on mercy, acting in humility, kindness, and loving kindness in all we say and do.

lesson by Tim Smelser

Pharisees and Legalism

In continuing our thoughts on the Pharisees, their intentions, and where they went wrong, we can’t help but touch on the subject of legalism. What does the Bible say about being legalistic, and what does the term really mean? Legalism is defined as the view that good works earn salvation. It is not concerned about believing in a law, obeying God, and adhering to His statutes, but rather legalism about one’s attitude toward that obedience. Legalism concerns the heart.

Law-Abiding Versus Legalism
The Bible does teach that we should believe in God’s law and the importance thereof. Romans 3:25-27 speaks of a law of faith under which New Testament Christians live, and chapter 8:1-2 of the same book also refers to the “law of the Spirit of life.” I Corinthians 9:20-21 has Paul writing that he is under law to Christ, and Hebrews 8:10 reveals that God’s law should be written upon our hearts. Finally, James 2:12 says we are judged by a law of liberty. There is no question in the minds of the New Testament writers that God has a law, and it is not legalistic to believe in the rule of that law.

Furthermore, it is not legalistic to adhere to that law. Matthew 7:21 records Jesus saying that one must obey the Father to please Him. Hebrews 5:7-8 makes reference to Christ Himself being obedient to the Father’s will, saving those who obey Him. James 1:25 calls on us to look into the perfect law of God and then actually obey it.

In John 12:42, Jesus is among people scared to confess belief in Christ, and, in verse 48, He says that His words will judge those who reject Him. II John 9 claims that whoever does not abide in Christ’s teachings does not have God. II Thessalonians 1:7-8 contains perhaps the most severe warning: “…inflicting vengeance on those who do not know God and on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus.” It is not enough to simply acknowledge God. He has a law that must be followed, and it is not legalistic to believe disobedience will separate us from Him.

Legalism Versus Humble Obedience
Legalism is believing that man can be saved apart from God’s grace. The first ten verses of Ephesians 2 addresses the helpless nature from which God saved us, being dead in trespasses, and having been saved through grace. That salvation cannot come from ourselves. It is from God. Romans 3:23-24 reinforce this, that we are all helpless before God and that we are saved by grace through the propitiation of our Lord Christ. He is our mercy seat. To believe we can be saved through anything but God’s kindness, love, and mercy, runs contrary to God’s word.

While we must be obedient servants, we cannot earn salvation through that obedience. We obey because of hope and salvation in Christ. Romans 5:76-11 reminds us of how undeserving we are of Christ’s sacrifice and salvation in Him. While we were enemies, God reconciled us to Him, and nothing we can do could bridge that gap of ourselves. Luke 17:7-10 reminds us that a servant’s work is never done and to view our service to God as no more that that which we should do because of our role as servants. Ephesians 2:8-9 and Titus 3:4-5 remind us that obedience is nothing to glory in, for our service is a response to mercy. Obedience is not about being deserving; it is a grateful response to grace.

Harmonizing Law and Grace
We cannot believe we earn our salvation. We cannot remove grace and mercy from our salvation. All pride is erased, for our good works do not come from ourselves, but they come from the will of God, works for humble servants to gratefully perform. Luke 18:9-14 tells the story of two supplicants before God. Both believe in God’s law and believe it must be obeyed. The difference between the Pharisee and the tax collector is one of attitude. The Pharisee feels God should favor him because of his meritorious works. The tax collector submits humbly.

This then is how we harmonize law and grace. The proper response to law is obedience. The proper response to grace is faith and trust. His law and His grace are inseparable. John 1:17 tells us grace and truth both come from Christ. Acts 14:3 records Paul and Barnabas preaching a law of grace, and chapter 20:24 of the same book quotes Paul speaking of “the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify to the gospel of the grace of God.” We are saved by grace, and we must be obedient to His word, trusting wholly in Him and sacrificing all reliance on self in that obedience and in accepting His grace.

lesson by Tim Smelser

Pharisees and Good Intentions

Should we bring every area of our life into subjection under the law of God? Should we have a deep and profound respect for the law of God? Should we emphasize humility, deplore pride, and abhor hypocrisy? Should we emphasize love as the fulfillment of the law? If you agree with these principles, then you are in agreement with the foundation of the Pharisees. Upon these four concepts is built the entire philosophy of the sect of the Pharisees. This group was not one that was shallow or insincere in their devotion to God, and I think we sometimes callously dismiss them based solely on the picture of them we see in the gospels.

The question we have to ask ourselves – instead of why were the Pharisees so obstinate – is this: where did the Pharisees go wrong? Where did they come from, and how did they come to be so in conflict with the Lord? How did this group who stood so firmly against self-righteousness and hypocrisy become the epitome of those traits as we see them in Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John?

The Intention of the Pharisees
“Pharisee” means “separated one,” and, not coincidentally, we apply a similar concept to ourselves in the church. We see ourselves as separate and apart from the world, resisting worldly influences and preserving the traditions of Christ and His apostles. Likewise, the Pharisees began as a sect that resisted the Hellenization of Judaism. They sought to preserve the ways of Moses. They wanted to remain separate and apart from compromise with the Greco-Roman world. They were trying to preserve the old paths in the face of secular modernism.

Again, these were the ones who saw love as the wholeness of the law, very much as Jesus summed it up in Matthew 22:34-40. These were the ones who emphasized humility above all else in personal conduct. These were those who deeply respected the oracles of God and who sought to bring their lives under complete subjection to that law. Unfortunately, while attempting to preserve and protect the old paths, they built up an oral traditions that came to serve as a hedge of sorts around God’s law. This oral tradition was eventually codified as the Mishnah, and it became viewed as authoritative as any of the writings of Moses. Atop these traditions came the Talmud, the commentaries upon the Mishnah that also became a standard by which the people measured themselves.

For example, carrying a tool of your trade on Friday evening was wrong, for fear of working on the Sabbath. There would be rules surrounding when you could rescue an animal or put out a fire. These examples and more became the hedge built around God’s commandment to avoid working on the Sabbath. They forgot that their traditions were human interpretations, and they would condemn any who broke that oral tradition, blurring the line between scripture and interpretation. “My interpretation is law; yours is opinion.” The implications for us are evident.

Hypocrisy and Self Righteousness
In Matthew 23, Jesus speaks to the multitudes and His disciples regarding the Pharisees, those responsible for handling and passing on the law. Jesus even exhorts His listeners to abide by the teachings of the Pharisees. It is their example He warns against, expecting more of others than themselves, having words and actions that do not agree, seeking praise from men for their position. Jesus explains, in verses 13-26, that their hypocrisy was rooted in holding onto traditions surrounding the law more than the law itself – some of which circumvented those very laws they were intended to protect.

Verse 23 speaks to paying attention to the tiniest of details in the law while neglecting the intent and the attitudes behind those laws. Yes, those details are important, but they wanted to be so doctrinally pure they created problems for themselves. Not only would they expel sinners from their presence, but they would also not associate with those who disagreed with their traditions and private interpretations. They became their own standards of righteousness. In fact, Pharisaic tradition specifically named publicans as individuals to avoid in fellowship. Is it then so curious that we see publican after publican shown in a good light in the gospels? It is a contrast of how the Pharisees viewed others versus how God views them.

Jesus and the Pharisees
In their attempts to be righteous, the Pharisees had grown to be unloving, unmerciful, and contentious. Matthew 9:10 records the Pharisees wondering at Jesus taking the time to associate with those they would consider worthless, and Jesus rebukes them, reminding them of God’s desire for mercy and forgiveness. Also, Matthew 12:1-8 has Pharisees criticizing Jesus’ apostles for plucking grain to eat on the Sabbath, yet Jesus answers with their unwillingness to criticize one like David for breaking the Sabbath while being quick to condemn others. Again, Jesus quotes Hosea 6:6, bringing to mind the state of Israel and Judah in the days leading up to captivity. That prophet called the people’s love a fleeting thing, and Jesus was giving the same warning to the Pharisees. Rather than dismissing the word, though, the Pharisees had come to a point where they put themselves in the place of God.

Indeed, we must preserve the old paths. We must set ourselves apart form the world. We must respect God’s word above all else. We cannot, however, become unmerciful, unloving, and contentious in doing these. We must not set our traditions and our interpretations on equal footing with the word of God. If we had existed 2,000 years ago, we would have found ourselves closely aligned with the Pharisees’ ideals and goals. Let us be careful to avoid becoming what they became while clinging to God’s law.

lesson by Tim Smelser